Photoelectrodes and photovoltaic cells play a crucial role in solar energy conversion and

hydrogen production. In recent years, researchers have been committed to developing efficient

photoelectrode materials and photovoltaic cell assembly devices to improve the efficiency of

solar water splitting for hydrogen production.Traditional photoelectrode materials, although

having certain catalytic activity in photocatalytic water splitting, still face problems such as poor

light absorption ability and high carrier recombination rate.To address these issues, we will

optimize the optoelectronic properties of photoelectrode materials in the future by introducing

heterojunction structures, doping elements, surface modifications, and other methods.And

focus the research on the following directions:

1. Develop photoelectrode materials with higher light absorption capacity and strong stability,

especially based on the design of two-dimensional materials, heterojunction structures, and

composite materials;

2. Study the coupling mechanism between photovoltaic cells and photoelectrodes, and improve

the conversion efficiency of light to hydrogen by optimizing the interface and carrier transport

path between the two;

3. Further explore and improve battery assembly technology to enable efficient photocatalytic

systems to maintain stability and efficiency in large-scale applications.